Quadrophenia (1979) - Notes

The males seem to be more aggressive
Don't know any of the characters f the women
The main girl that's spoken is the one who works in a grocery store who Jimmy likes
It's a very male film
Lots of drugs, reckless behaviour, alcohol and smoking.
The teenagers are portrayed as being just stereotypical teens - having a good time, getting unto mischief and getting off with girls
They all had jobs (working class)

Notes

Collective Identity: The sense of belonging to a group that people have.

London Riots (2011): 

Mark Duggan - stopped by police and shot.
Protests happened - Police set out a black police officer - he was verbally abused for his race - crowd became increasingly restless and then what triggered the riots was one18 year old girl there something at the police officer - riots started and riots spread.

Stan Cohen 

• Moral Panics - Leads from deviant behaviour - everyone gets involved 
• Deviance amplification - This idea is that one deviant act leads to more deviant acts which are likely to be reported because a spiral is created. 
• Folk Devils - 

David Gauntlett

• "Identities are not 'given' but are constructed and negotiated" - What you see in the media you will take out and put it together to form your own identity or will construct what you think it is for that group. 

George Gerbner 

• Cultivation Theory - He looked into people who watched a lot of TV specifically and said that these people over estimate the amount of crime in the real world. By consuming a lot of TV/Media people will over estimate the meanness of the world - one that we need protecting from. It's an audience effect that any one text has minimal impact on the audience, but watch the same thing again and again will change their opinion. 

David Buckingham 

• "A focus on identity requires us to pay close attention to the diverse ways in which media and technologies are used in everyday life, and their consequences for both individuals and for social groups." - You consume more media now than you ever did before. Mass media tends to project a negative representations of youths through the imagery and language used during reports. The people who produce the media may be an older generation with traditional values. 

Gramsci

• Media is run by a very small elite group that wish to maintain their status and their position. 

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Hegemony

The news is a reflective representation

Positive social media campaigns:

One of the self representations was the 'Not in my name' campaign where people posted their faces without makeup.

Steve Anderson, creative director of debate show Free Speech for BBC 3 states that "younger people are becoming a lot more empowered because of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and blogging." - He goes on to say that the power is transferring away from older people in charge.

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Items that represent the youth:

      - What contributes to my identity

iPhones
Alcohol
Drugs
Football
Bikes
One Direction
Sam Smith
Ed Sheeran
Ellie Goulding
Nike trainers
Segways
YouTube

Notes

Hypodermic syringe: It's like the media content is injected into you; if they tell you to write you will write; the audience is entirely passive. It's a crude model that suggests that audiences passively receive the information transmitted via a media text, without any attempt on their part to process or challenge the data. 

Two-Step Flow Theory: The hypodermic model quickly proved too clumsy for media researches seeking to more precisely explain the relationship between audience and text. As the mass media became an essential part of life in societies around the world and did NOT reduce populations to a mass of unthinking drones, a more sophisticated explanation was sought. 

Uses & Gratifications Theory: The audience are not passive and will select things that they want to watch based on what they need; it might be that the audience want information or want to escape from a long and heavy media lecture for example.

Researchers Blumler and Katz expanded this theory and published their own in 1974, stating that individuals might choose and use text for the following purposes (i.e. uses and gratifications)

Diversion - escape from everyday problems and routine.

Personal relationship - using the media for emotional and other interaction, e.g. substituting soap operas for family life. 

Personal identity - finding yourself reflected in texts, learning behaviour and values from text.

Surveillance - informations which could be useful for living e.g. weather reports, financial news, holiday bargains. 

Reception Theory: Stuart Hall - said there are different ways that audiences ail read texts - they'll read them the right way; the way the producer intended them to be read which is called the preferred reading - they'll take bits and disregard other bits or read it the complete opposite way. 

Narrative Theory: 

Meaning - Roland Barthes - texts may be 'open' or 'closed' Barthes also decided that the threads that you pull on to try and unravel  meaning are called narrative codes. 

Structure - Tvzetan Todorov - texts are constructed around the vas ice scaffolding of equilibrium, disequilibrium, new equilibrium. 

Character - Vladimir Propp - produced a character typography of characters and their actions (31 character types in all).

Conflict and resolution - Claude Levi-Strauss - recognised the constant creation of conflict/opposition propels narrative. Narrative can only end on a resolution of conflict. In order to understand what it's like to be something, you have to understand what it's like to not be something. Useful way to construct narrative because you're looking at oppositions. 

 

Collective Identity

Women are represented in an explicit way e.g being objectified - those in Blurred Lines and Chandelier have nude coloured clothing on. In Chandelier, the 11 year old dancer has a nude tutu, whilst the women in Blurred Lines are wearing nude knickers, with their breasts exposed. 

The women in Blurred Lines have been used in this music video in order to allow the music video to be viewed by millions of people. The amount of views a video on YouTube gets if it is American, decides whereabouts in the charts the song is ranked in; the more YouTube views, the higher it is in the charts. 

We are no longer in a spectatorial society (where you just watch), but rather a participatorial one where the audience can participate in the making of media products (parodies) - Henry Jenkins.

The content in media products goes through the process of selection or rejection, where specific content for the video is selected in order for it to be the most attractive in targeting a large amount of audience. All media in this world has been mediated. 

The 'male gaze' of Laura Mulvey suggests that the camera positions the audience in the position of a male heterosexual, so that they can visualise women how men see them. 

This is England

Historical
Has real life clips montaged at the beginning, linking with the fiction footage that follows
Woody's skin head gang isn't stereotypical, they're more friendly and welcoming
2 groups of skinheads - woody's group interested in boots and hair style
Combo's group - the guy was 32, messing around with a 12 year old boy is weird, don't know what Smeg was doing with a 12 year old boy at 16. Blame the problems in the country on immigrants. Several of them left woody's group to go into Combo's group; sense of belonging. They wanted to understand the problems that the country was having - mention of currency, world affairs. Combo wasn't wrong when talking about the Forklands - invented war in terms of Maggie Thatcher - a group of Irelands off the Argentinia coast - not shown any interest whatsoever in them - until Phillips company discovered oil and the Argentinia group said they want them back. Thatched used that to her advantage and used it to unify her country when talking about the armed forces.
Young groups shown as being very naive when it comes to politics and global economy. Cannot be coincidence that it was combo who had the far right view and combo turning out to be the emotion immature one; his meeting with lol in the car - he had slept at 29 with a drunk 16 year old which isn't good , then when he went away and made a box for her and thought it was the best night of his life, he then couldn't handle that rejection shows how emotionally inferior he was; first sign that something wasn't quite right with combo. Goes downhill onwards, wants the weed from Milky, then they go back and Milky was talking about family and what he had and how good it was and how he thought he had a good dad even though his dad was working and never there - you could see that something was not quite right. He asked "What makes a bad dad?" makes the audience guess what dad Combo had wasn't such a good dad after all. Then losing the plot turning into some sort of psychopath and inflicting terrible injuries on him and turning on his own people - last bit at the end "leave those two alone they did nothing too you" - Combo was talking to himself; emphasises him being schizophrenia.